The Economy After StabilizationThe Last WireBy traditional indicators, the U.S. economy appears stable. Employment remains high. Output continues to grow. Inflation has slowed from its 2022 peak. Yet households continue to report persistent financial strain. Essentials consume a larger share of income. Savings feel thinner. Affordability has not recovered.
This disconnect is not a failure of perception. It reflects how a debt-driven economy absorbs shocks and distributes costs after stabilization occurs.
What Changed in 2021 and 2022The defining economic event of the current cycle was the scale of borrowing used to prevent collapse during the pandemic period. Trillions of dollars were injected through fiscal spending, emergency lending facilities, asset purchases, and deficit financing.
According to the U.S. Treasury, federal debt held by the public rose sharply during this period, accelerating a trend already in motion (
U.S. Treasury Fiscal Data). At the same time, the Federal Reserve expanded its balance sheet to stabilize credit markets and maintain liquidity (
Federal Reserve Balance Sheet Trends).
The immediate objective was achieved. Markets stabilized. Employment recovered. Financial panic was avoided. What followed was not policy failure, but structural adjustment.
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