All told, in the three decades following passage of the Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1965, more than 18 million legal immigrants entered the United States, more than three times the number admitted over the preceding 30 years. By the end of the 20th century, the policies put into effect by the Immigration Act of 1965 had greatly changed the face of the American population.
The civil rights movement’s focus on equal treatment regardless of race or nationality led many to view the quota system as backward and discriminatory.
In particular, Greeks, Poles, Portuguese and Italians–of whom increasing numbers were seeking to enter the U.S.–claimed that the quota system discriminated against them in favor of Northern Europeans.
President John F. Kennedy even took up the immigration reform cause, giving a speech in June 1963 calling the quota system “intolerable.â€