Law of Defamation in Alabama - A difficult notion to prove.
"Defamation is essentially an injury to reputation. In Alabama, defamation is defined as a false statement of fact, published or spoken with some degree of fault, that tends to harm the reputation of another so as to lower him or her in the estimation of the community. Libel and slander are types of defamatory statements. Libel is a written defamatory statement, and slander is a spoken or oral defamatory statement.
As in every case, the person bringing a defamation claim bears the burden of proof related to the elements of the cause of action and the damages claimed. The first legal hurdle in a defamation case is proving the statement in issue is false. Second, one must prove the statement was made with some degree of fault. This could include an actual intent to harm, but also could include a statement made carelessly. Next, one must show that the statement in question did in fact hurt or harm her reputation with the recipient (and to others who may have also received or heard of the false statement.) Finally, a claimant must prove the extent and nature of the damages caused by the false statement.
These four hurdles make defamation/libel cases somewhat difficult because unless one can prove all four elements, her case will not be successful. Alabama law does allow the recovery of punitive damages for defamatory statements but the claimant must also prove by clear and convincing evidence that the defendant consciously or deliberately engaged in oppression, fraud, wantonness, or malice with regard to the plaintiff in order to recover punitive damages. Also, before punitive damages can be considered in a libel action, the claimant must have requested a retraction before filing a lawsuit.
Defenses to defamation
Truth is an absolute defense to defamation. That is, the claimant has the burden of proving that the statement in question is false. If the statement is true or substantially true, then the claim will fail. Likewise, a statement of opinion may not be considered defamatory. That does not mean, however, that a person can insulate herself by adding the phrase “In my opinion†to a otherwise defamatory statement of fact. “Satire†is also a defense to defamation (which is one way that comedians and late night talk show hosts get away with much of their material)."
Source:
https://www.alabamapersonalinjurylawyersblog.com/2015/10/16/law-of-defamation/