https://www.scienceopen.com/document_file/d7b0f5fc-d533-44f2-9339-5340428cfa69/PubMedCentral/d7b0f5fc-d533-44f2-9339-5340428cfa69.pdfFour cases of cytokine storm after COVID-19 vaccination:
Case report
Kazuhiro Murata 1,2†, Naoki Nakao 2†, Naoki Ishiuchi 1, Takafumi Fukui 3, Narutaka Katsuya 1 , Wataru Fukumoto 1 , Hiroko Oka 1 , Naotaka Yoshikawa 2, Takafumi Nagao 2,
Akira Namera 1,2 , Naoya Kakimoto 1,4, Naohide Oue 1,3, Kazuo Awai 1,5 , Kanji Yoshimoto 2,6 and Masataka Nagao 1,2*
1 Center for Cause of Death Investigation Research Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan, 2 Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan, 3 Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan, 4 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan, 5 Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan, 6 Department of Food Sciences and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hiroshima Institute of Technology, Hiroshima, Japan
Case profiles
The profiles of four cases who died at home after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine are summarized in Table 1. Three cases received two doses of the Moderna mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, tozinameran, and one case received two doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, elasomeran. The time from receipt of the second dose to death was 1–10 days. In case 3, side effects following vaccination, such as fever and headache, were not observed on the day before death, whereas in the other cases, they were observed on the day before death. Autopsies revealed no information about the cause of death for any patient, and pathologic analysis showed findings of sudden death, such as congestion of primary organs, and no information about the cause of death, including myocarditis. The postmortem interval inferred from postmortem phenomena and coroner’s rectal temperature measurements estimated high body temperatures for all cases at the time of death (6). Two female cases who experienced sudden death by blood loss (54 years old) and strangulation (86 years old) and had also received two doses of tozinameran were used as controls for RNA sequencing analysis.
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