In the event, the PH attack failed, on several levels: CV-2,-3, and -6 were all out of port; CV-5 and -7 were in the Atlantic, and -8 was working up or newly in commission; ignoring Arkansas, New York, and Texas (as well as Ranger, CV-4), the three New Mexico class BBs were in the Atlantic, Colorado was completing refit in Bremerton, USS North Carolina was in the Atlantic, and Washington was being worked up. Throw in a quickly repaired Pennsylvania, and the USN was still quite potent.
Time got away from me, and I'm a day late and probably several paragraphs short of doing this "right"
(though that latter might be some relief). So I'll instead expand on the comment quoted above. I'll go farther and say that, as significant as the ship and aircraft losses were, they were not the most significant loss suffered by the US at Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941. To explain, here's a list of the USN's capital ships as of that date, their main guns (BBs), what they were doing, and how they fared.
USS Arkansas, BB-33, 12X 12"/50: In the Atlantic, deemed unsuitable for service in the Pacific
USS New York, BB-34, 10X 14"/45: In the Atlantic, deemed unsuitable for service in the Pacific
USS Texas, BB-35, 10X 14"/45: In the Atlantic, deemed unsuitable for service in the Pacific
USS Nevada, BB-36, 10X 14"/45: significantly damaged and intentionally run aground; refloated and repaired/rebuilt, reentering service in January, 1943
USS Oklahoma, BB-37, 10X 14"/45: hit by multiple torpedoes, flooded too fast to counter-flood, and capsized; deemed not worth repairing
USS Pennsylvania, BB-38, 12X 14"/45: in drydock at the time of the attack and was not seriously damaged; repairs were completed at the end of March, 1942
USS Arizona, BB-39, 12X 14"/45: a magazine was penetrated by a 16" armor-piercing shell converted into a bomb and the magazine exploded
USS New Mexico, BB-40, 12X 14"/50: In the Atlantic
USS Mississippi, BB-41, 12X 14"/50: In the Atlantic
USS Idaho, BB-42, 12X 14"/50: In the Atlantic
USS Tennessee, BB-43, 12X 14"/50: Hit by several bombs and damaged by fuel fires in the water of the harbor; repairs were completed at the end of February, 1942
USS California, BB-44, 12X 14"/50: Hit by two torpedoes; while her torpedo defense system (TDS, significantly upgraded from the New Mexico class)) was not breached, water-tight doors throughout the ship were open for inspection and she sank into the harbor mud due to uncontrolled flooding; due to her significant damage and being almost totally rebuilt, she emerged from repair in January, 1944
USS Colorado, BB-45, 8X 16"/45: In Puget Sound for overhaul at the time of the attack; overhaul was completed at the end of March, 1942
USS Maryland, BB-46, 8X 16"/45: Shielded from torpedoes by Oklahoma, she was hit by a couple of bombs; repairs were completed at the end of February, 1942
USS West Virginia, BB-48, 8X 16"/45: She was hit by 5-7 torpedoes, but between her TDS and prompt counter-flooding she sank into the harbor mud on an even keel; due to her significant damage and being almost totally rebuilt, she emerged from repair in July, 1944
USS North Carolina, BB-55, 9X 16"/45: In the Atlantic, working up
USS Washington BB-56, 9X 16"/45: In the Atlantic, working up
USS Lexington, CV-2: Enroute to Midway, ferrying Marine aircraft
USS Saratoga, CV-3: Entering San Diego after drydocking at Bremerton
USS Ranger, CV-4: In the Atlantic, deemed unsuitable for service in the Pacific
USS Yorktown, CV-5: In the Atlantic
USS Enterprise, CV-6: Enroute to Hawaii after delivering a Marine fighter squadron at Wake Island
USS Hornet, CV-8: In the Atlantic, newly commissioned
USS USS Wasp, CV-7: In the Atlantic
The listing is grouped by class, and the gaps in BB hull numbers are due to ships having been cancelled due to the Washington Naval Treaty. There is an 18 year gap between USS West Virginia and USS North Carolina. BB-33 through BB-35 had an armor layout in which every part of the hull had at least some armor, with the most protecting guns, magazines, and engines.
Starting with the USS Nevada, the USN switch to a layout scheme in which all vital areas were in a sort of armored box, including sufficient buoyancy to stay afloat, while other areas of the hull were "just" structural steel. All, except BB-55 and -56 were armored to withstand their own main guns. BB-55 and -56 were "only" armored to withstand 14" guns, due to a late change in their design. The speed of BB-48 and previous BBs was on the order of 20 or 21 knots. The speed of BB-55 and newer BBs was 27 knots or higher, able to keep pace with the USN's carriers.
USS Ranger was not very robust, had no TDS, and fit so much within her hull that upgrading her would have been very difficult (= not worth the $$, time, and materials).
My knowledge of the plane inventory of the Army Air Corp in Hawaii is not great, but many of the planes were obsolescent/obsolete (e.g. P-36 Hawk fighters) or older revs, e.g. B-17Ds and P-40Bs. While their loss was, obviously, significant, all were due for replacement (e.g. a flight of B-17Es was approaching PH at the time of the attack).
Though the USN considered them not suitable for Pacific service, the Arkansas, New York, and Texas - the latter two particularly - were not especially inferior to some of the IJN's battleships (the Fuso and Ise class - 2 each - especially). At need, with those, the 3 New Mexicos, and two North Carolinas, the USN could have had 8 BBs in the Pacific before the end of 1941, 3 fewer than the entire IJN battle fleet. Add in the repaired Tennessee, Maryland, and Pennsylvania, and the updated Colorado, and by mid April the USN battle fleet would have outnumbered the IJN's and possibly outgunned it as well (the Yamato had 18" guns, but the 4 Kongos were in places vulnerable to 8" cruiser guns). Not having particular need, the USN quickly moved the New Mexicos to the Pacific, but the older BBs were not, and the two North Carolinas were moved over later in 1942 (along with South Dakota, which was commissioned in March 1942).
All in all, with the USN's carriers untouched and the BBs and planes quickly "replaced", the Pearl Harbor attack did significant damage, but was not crippling. Also untouched were the facilities that made PH and operational base, and USN submarines. Possibly the worst damage, affecting operations for up to a year or more, were the nearly 2400 sailors, airmen, and soldiers who were killed. Most of these had years of experienced, which was much less easily replaced.