The steel tariffs under Bush were in place for 18 months. During that time, the steelworkers unions renegotiated their deal, due to higher profits from the companies. Once the tariffs were removed and prices dropped, labor costs incurred layoffs. During the time when the tariffs were in place, the companies that used steel suffered from the price increases. There are more entities that use raw materials than those that produce it. There was a huge net loss in jobs and economic output. Tariffs are a sugar high. When it's gone, you crash.