1012 A reluctant Theophylact of Tusculum is elected Pope as Benedict VIII (1012-1024)
1096 Crusaders massacre the Jews of Worms, Germany
1291 The Mamlukes capture Acre, ending the Kingdom of Jerusalem
1411 Papal-Angevin force defeats the Neapolitans at Roccasecca, near Cassino
1452 Battle of Brechin: The Earl of Huntly defeats the Earl of Crawford
1565 The Turks land on Malta and commence a siege (fails Sept 11)
1748 Treaty of Abo: England brokers a peace between Russia and Sweden
1765 Great Fire of Montreal destroys a quarter of the town
1769 Lorenzo Ganganelli elected Pope as Clement XIV (1769-1774)
1775 The first USS 'Enterprise' enters service, a prize taken by Benedict Arnold on Lake Champlain
1794 Battle of Tourcoing, Day 2: French defeat the Austro-English
1798 Benjamin Stoddert becomes the first Secretary of the Navy
1804 The French Senate promotes Napoleon to Emperor
1828 Battle of Las Piedras: Uruguay secures independence from Brazil
1846 Mexican War: American troops capture Matamoros
1861 Battle of Sewall's Point, VA
1861 Brooklyn's 14th NY State Militia departs for Washington
1863 Siege of Vicksburg begins (to July 4)
1864 Battle of Yellow Bayou/Bayou de Glaize/Old Oaks, La
1864 The Great Gold Hoax: An unsuccessful attempt toed manipulation price of gold on the US market
1898 Skirmish at Santiago de Cuba: US ships exchange fire with Spanish batteries
1899 The First Hague Conference on the Law of War opens, on Tsar Nicholas II's birthday, who had proposed the meeting
1911 Mexican dictator Porfirio Diaz flees to Paris, with gold and mistresses
1917 Congress passes the Selective Service Act -- Learn More
1922 Sydney and Violet Schiff hold a dinner at the Hotel Majestic in Paris for Marcel Proust, James Joyce, Pablo Picasso, and Sergei Diaghilev to honor Igor Stravinsky
1935 Giant Soviet airplane 'Maxim Gorky' crashes, with heavy loss of life
1944 Japanese and Chinese forces engage in street fighting in Loyang.
1944 The Polish II Corps storms Monte Cassino -- Learn More
1945 Chinese troops liberate the port of Foochow
1951 US General J. Lawton Collins predicts use of atom bomb in Korea
1969 Apollo 10 (Stafford/Cernan/Young) launched to a lunar orbit
1974 India becomes the sixth nation to detonate an atomic bomb
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