After 2008, I looked at my household finances like my employer looked at their fiscal health.
I identified positive value propositions, negative value propositions, and focused on free cash flow.
My parents were asset rich, mostly home equity, but cash poor.
I wanted to reduce the monthly run rate / minimum monthly obligations to improve monthly free cash flow.
I choose to live below my means because I am one layoff from living in a van down by the river.
Like rivers, income streams can dry up unexpectedly or without warning.
The greatest impediments of positive monthly cash flow are taxes, mortgage/debt, insurance, and utilities.
Not much I can do about taxes other than move. Not in the cards, yet.
Can shop around for insurance and save with bundling home, auto, recreational and getting group rates from AAA or AARP.
Utilities is a matter of denominating electricity by killowatt hours used, heating oil by gallons used, and water by gallons used. The dollar amount charged is out of my control, but the number of units I consume is within my control.
In 2013, when Solar City came knocking at my door with the offer a leaseback solar system (no money out of pocket), I took them up on that offer. It made sense in my situation since Mass/New England was shuttering coal, nuclear, and gas generation facilities with the anticipation that lost generation capacity would be offset by wind, solar, and Candian hydro - all limousine liberal uptopian day dreams. Since 2013, we've had more trees cut down and our solar ouput has increased to offset grid consumption (net metering).
Debt avoidance can maintain free cash flow. Debt reduction can increase free cash flow. I carry over credit card balances for three months or less, mostly paying off the monthly balance in full.
Amoritarized loans are structured that the front-end payments are mostly interest, not principal. This is when paying extra towards the balance can offer the greatest return on investment. You may think that paying an extra $20/month towards a mortgage won't make a big difference, but that $20 is against principal. The compounded mortgage interest avoidance/reduction/savings is exponentially increased by the number of remaining payments. Especially at the front-end of the loan, any amount of extra principal paid will return substantial non-taxable dividends of interest payment reductions.
When I could reduce my monthly mortgage payment by $250+ month, I refinanced for the lower monthly payment, which improved my monthly free cash flow. That was an extra $250 I could bank or use to pay down more mortgage principal.
Reducing expenses is more tax efficient than earning more income. I don't get taxed for every dollar I don't spend. I do get taxed for every dollar I earn. For every dollar I earn, I bring home $0.60 after payroll deductions. I have to earn $1.60 to bring home $1.00. Every dollar I don't spend offers a 100% return. Every dollar I pay towards principal, offers 100%+ compounded return on investment.
To keep my household afloat, I have to run it as a business without having the benefit of being able to deduct operating costs, such as utilities, food, insurance, etc.
I spend less, I investment more (tax free debt reduction), and I save more.
Now that I am over 50, I can make extra contributions to my employer 401K to reduce my payroll tax liability.
Tax avoidance and debt interest avoidance can offer higher % return on investment because they do not get taxed, unlike earnings, dividends, capital gains, etc.