The Briefing Room
General Category => Science, Technology and Knowledge => Energy => Topic started by: thackney on August 05, 2019, 11:47:58 am
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In the United States, most petroleum is consumed in transportation
https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=40752 (https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=40752)
AUGUST 2, 2019
(https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/images/2019.08.02/main.png)
Petroleum, which consists of crude oil and refined products such as gasoline, diesel, and propane, is the largest primary source of energy consumed in the United States, accounting for 36% of total energy consumption in 2018. Crude oil is processed at petroleum refineries to make many different products, such as motor gasoline, distillate fuel oil, hydrocarbon gas liquids, and jet fuel. More than two-thirds of finished petroleum products consumed in the United States are used in the transportation sector. The U.S. Energy Information Administration’s (EIA) U.S. petroleum flow diagram helps to visualize U.S. petroleum supply (production, imports, and withdrawals from storage) and disposition (consumption, exports, and additions to storage).
The large number of refined products and outlets for sale (e.g., gasoline stations) makes data difficult to collect and end-use consumption difficult to calculate. EIA uses petroleum product supplied to estimate petroleum consumption. EIA calculates product supplied by adding field production, refinery and blender net production, and imports and then subtracting stock change, refinery and blender net inputs, and exports. Petroleum product supplied increased for the sixth consecutive year in 2018, totaling about 20 million barrels per day (b/d).
(https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/images/2019.08.02/chart2.svg)
In 2018, U.S. exports of crude oil reached a record high of 2.0 million b/d, an increase of about 0.8 million b/d from 2017. U.S. crude oil exports have increased significantly since the beginning of 2016, after the U.S. Congress lifted restrictions on exporting crude oil. In addition, U.S. exports of total petroleum products reached a record high of 5.6 million b/d in 2018, an increase of 0.3 million b/d from the previous year.
The United States imported about 8 million b/d of crude oil in 2018, a 3% decrease from 2017. Net imports of crude oil and petroleum products were down to about 2 million b/d, the lowest level since 1967. The United States still imports crude oil because of geographic and quality considerations.
(https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/images/2019.08.02/chart3.svg)
In 2018, total field production, which includes crude oil, lease condensate, and natural gas liquids, reached a record high of more than 15 million b/d. U.S. crude oil production reached a record high of nearly 11 million b/d in 2018, a 17% increase from the record set in 2017. Production of natural gas liquids reached a record high of more than 4 million b/d, a 15% increase from the record set in 2017. Increased production from tight oil and shale formations drove these record highs.
(https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/images/2019.08.02/chart4.svg)
Most crude oil is refined into petroleum products used for transportation, such as motor gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel. The transportation sector has been the largest consumer of petroleum products in the United States since at least 1949, the earliest year for which EIA has data. Transportation accounted for about 14 million b/d of petroleum consumption in 2018. This level was the second highest since its peak in 2007.
After transportation, the industrial sector accounts for the second-largest share of petroleum consumption, accounting for about 5 million b/d in 2018. Examples of industrial use of petroleum products include hydrocarbon gas liquids used as feedstocks for chemicals and plastics, as well as asphalt and road oil used for construction and road maintenance.
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Wish storage showed up here. Going in, not out.
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(https://www.eia.gov/petroleum/weekly/images/crstusm.gif)
Weekly U.S. Ending Stocks excluding SPR of Crude Oil
https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/hist/LeafHandler.ashx?n=PET&s=WCESTUS1&f=W (https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/hist/LeafHandler.ashx?n=PET&s=WCESTUS1&f=W)
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(https://www.eia.gov/petroleum/weekly/images/crstusm.gif)
Weekly U.S. Ending Stocks excluding SPR of Crude Oil
https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/hist/LeafHandler.ashx?n=PET&s=WCESTUS1&f=W (https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/hist/LeafHandler.ashx?n=PET&s=WCESTUS1&f=W)
Sorry, I was meaning SPR. We are not adding anything in.
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Sorry, I was meaning SPR. We are not adding anything in.
That is politics only.
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That is politics only.
I do not understand that comment.
Do you mean that we have an SPR strictly for political reasons?
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I do not understand that comment.
Do you mean that we have an SPR strictly for political reasons?
No, we had a draw down and are not adding for political reasons.
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No, we had a draw down and are not adding for political reasons.
I agree.
The SPR was not originally designed to be that.
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The very reason we the people should never have permitted our
political frauds and hustlers, abetted by our crony capitalists,
to drive our private train systems out of effective existence.
Anyone who has traveled, knows that the train systems of Asia
and Europe, rival if not surpass, all their cars and planes.
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The very reason we the people should never have permitted our
political frauds and hustlers, abetted by our crony capitalists,
to drive our private train systems out of effective existence.
Anyone who has traveled, knows that the train systems of Asia
and Europe, rival if not surpass, all their cars and planes.
I have traveled on them.
The USA has a much better road system and there is no way a train system here can replace owning and driving a car.
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I have traveled on them.
The USA has a much better road system and there is no way a train system here can replace owning and driving a car.
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As an opinion forum all are entitled.
Yours is the USA has a superior road system. So what? It's hardly the issue.
We have cars and planes while Europe and Asia have cars, planes and trains.
Consequently because they are more diverse, their bridge, road and tunnel
infrastructure is hardly in an advanced state of decay, requiring tens of
billions to bring it up to minimum safety standards.
Add to that the comparative cost of running cars and planes w/petroleum
versus the cost of running trains w/electricity.
That is the issue!!!!!
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As an opinion forum all are entitled.
Yours is the USA has a superior road system. So what? It's hardly the issue.
We have cars and planes while Europe and Asia have cars, planes and trains.
Consequently because they are more diverse, their bridge, road and tunnel
infrastructure is hardly in an advanced state of decay, requiring tens of
billions to bring it up to minimum safety standards.
Add to that the comparative cost of running cars and planes w/petroleum
versus the cost of running trains w/electricity.
That is the issue!!!!!
Nope, the issue is a little thing I call freedom.
Socialistic governments wish everyone was bound to public transportation as then they can be controlled.
Living in Europe, I recall the many times I was dependent upon trains, buses and subways to get to work. Nothing moved when the unions called a strike.
No thanks, you can keep your wonderful trains and other forms of mass transportation.
I prefer to go when and where I please.
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Nope, the issue is a little thing I call freedom.
Socialistic governments wish everyone was bound to public transportation as then they can be controlled.
Living in Europe, I recall the many times I was dependent upon trains, buses and subways to get to work. Nothing moved when the unions called a strike.
No thanks, you can keep your wonderful trains and other forms of mass transportation.
I prefer to go when and where I please.
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Respectfully, our Railroads developed slowly before the Civil War then rapidly after it.
The catalysts included Callis Huntington, Cornelius Vanderbilt, James Hill, Jay Gould and
Edward Harriman who built the NY Central, the Union Pacific, the Pennsylvania,
the Great Northern and the Santa Fe, among dozens of carriers.
Additionally these and others constructed the majestic terminals of Boston, of New York,
of Philadelphia, of Chicago; including many more; done privately by our entrepreneurial
class whose government handout consisted of the "right of way" and emphatically not
ownership of the land.
Socialism had absolutely nothing, NOTHING, to do w/this development.
But as the decades passed our political frauds and hustlers together w/the crony
capitalist gang, by then embedded in DC, found a way to drive our privately controlled
Railroad industry out of business.
We are most certainly NOT better off for this outcome!!!
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Respectfully, our Railroads developed slowly before the Civil War then rapidly after it.
The catalysts included Callis Huntington, Cornelius Vanderbilt, James Hill, Jay Gould and
Edward Harriman who built the NY Central, the Union Pacific, the Pennsylvania,
the Great Northern and the Santa Fe, among dozens of carriers.
Additionally these and others constructed the majestic terminals of Boston, of New York,
of Philadelphia, of Chicago; including many more; done privately by our entrepreneurial
class whose government handout consisted of the "right of way" and emphatically not
ownership of the land.
Socialism had absolutely nothing, NOTHING, to do w/this development.
But as the decades passed our political frauds and hustlers together w/the crony
capitalist gang, by then embedded in DC, found a way to drive our privately controlled
Railroad industry out of business.
We are most certainly NOT better off for this outcome!!!
Better roads and the birth of internal combustion automobiles is what diminished the railroads as preferred transportation vehicles.
Any country that now relies upon trains for mass transportation has that transportation supported almost exclusively by the government. Govt control by definition is socialism.
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Better roads and the birth of internal combustion automobiles is what diminished the railroads as preferred transportation vehicles.
Any country that now relies upon trains for mass transportation has that transportation supported almost exclusively by the government. Govt control by definition is socialism.
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The Railroad industry built and unified the USA, on its own dime!!!!!! Reality!
The Auto industry was government subsidized, amounting to trillions, by the
Interstate highway system's bridges, roads and tunnels !!!!! Reality!
Indeed government assistance/subsidy, paid by taxpayers, is the essence of socialism.
Suggest you dispense w/your auto fantasy and get real. Good-bye!
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The Railroad industry built and unified the USA, on its own dime!!!!!! Reality!
The Auto industry was government subsidized, amounting to trillions, by the
Interstate highway system's bridges, roads and tunnels !!!!! Reality!
Indeed government assistance/subsidy, paid by taxpayers, is the essence of socialism.
Suggest you dispense w/your auto fantasy and get real. Good-bye!
Four of the five transcontinental railroads were built with assistance from the federal government through land grants. Receiving millions of acres of public lands from Congress, the railroads were assured land on which to lay the tracks and land to sell, the proceeds of which helped companies finance the construction of their railroads.
http://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/presentationsandactivities/presentations/timeline/riseind/railroad/ (http://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/presentationsandactivities/presentations/timeline/riseind/railroad/)
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Four of the five transcontinental railroads were built with assistance from the federal government through land grants. Receiving millions of acres of public lands from Congress, the railroads were assured land on which to lay the tracks and land to sell, the proceeds of which helped companies finance the construction of their railroads.
http://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/presentationsandactivities/presentations/timeline/riseind/railroad/ (http://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/presentationsandactivities/presentations/timeline/riseind/railroad/)
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Those "land grants" were 'Right of Way' Grants and did NOT transfer
land title to the privately held Railroads.
Rather it gave them permission to lay track and build structure on land.
Further, virtually all the land was NOT controlled by the federal government
as it belonged to the States.
Source: Encyclopedia Britannica as well as others.
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As an opinion forum all are entitled.
Yours is the USA has a superior road system. So what? It's hardly the issue.
We have cars and planes while Europe and Asia have cars, planes and trains.
Consequently because they are more diverse, their bridge, road and tunnel
infrastructure is hardly in an advanced state of decay, requiring tens of
billions to bring it up to minimum safety standards.
Add to that the comparative cost of running cars and planes w/petroleum
versus the cost of running trains w/electricity.
That is the issue!!!!!
Some issue. You have an urban concept, unless I am mistaken.
We have trains here. None run on electricity.
The cost of setting that up, the hazard of ground level conductors to wildlife, livestock, and humans would be prohibitive, not to mention the power loss over the distances out this way. Supported above grade conductors would be even harder to maintain, so the trains run on diesel fuel.
But we have trains from the West coast going East, the East coast going West, and all points in between, along the line at least. Unit trains loaded with coal, oil, grain. Trainloads of containers, truck trailers, new cars, scrap metal, you name it. We have trains. But they don't go to all the places people are, and doing so would be uneconomical.
Automobiles and trucks work just fine, and if you are in a hurry and the weather permits, getting to a hospital by air can be a lifesaver, even if it is expensive. The next large town (over 10K pop.) is 125 miles or more in any direction, not uncommon in this region.
Funny how people think America is a county which has problems which can be solved with one size fits all solutions, colored by their local view of things. Instead there is the diversity of environment from Times Square to Hell's Half Acre (Wyoming). The problems and appropriate solutions are as diverse as the geography.
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Those "land grants" were 'Right of Way' Grants and did NOT transfer
land title to the privately held Railroads.
Rather it gave them permission to lay track and build on the land.
Further, virtually all the land was NOT controlled by the federal government
as it belonged to the States.
Source: Encyclopedia Britannica as well as others.
and land to sell
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Some issue. You have an urban concept, unless I am mistaken.
We have trains here. None run on electricity.
The cost of setting that up, the hazard of ground level conductors to wildlife, livestock, and humans would be prohibitive, not to mention the power loss over the distances out this way. Supported above grade conductors would be even harder to maintain, so the trains run on diesel fuel.
But we have trains from the West coast going East, the East coast going West, and all points in between, along the line at least. Unit trains loaded with coal, oil, grain. Trainloads of containers, truck trailers, new cars, scrap metal, you name it. We have trains. But they don't go to all the places people are, and doing so would be uneconomical.
Automobiles and trucks work just fine, and if you are in a hurry and the weather permits, getting to a hospital by air can be a lifesaver, even if it is expensive. The next large town (over 10K pop.) is 125 miles or more in any direction, not uncommon in this region.
Funny how people think America is a county which has problems which can be solved with one size fits all solutions, colored by their local view of things. Instead there is the diversity of environment from Times Square to Hell's Half Acre (Wyoming). The problems and appropriate solutions are as diverse as the geography.
Just to clarify, some do in the Northeast and elsewhere, most do not in the US.
https://www.eesi.org/articles/view/electrification-of-u.s.-railways-pie-in-the-sky-or-realistic-goal (https://www.eesi.org/articles/view/electrification-of-u.s.-railways-pie-in-the-sky-or-realistic-goal)
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Just to clarify, some do in the Northeast and elsewhere, most do not in the US.
https://www.eesi.org/articles/view/electrification-of-u.s.-railways-pie-in-the-sky-or-realistic-goal (https://www.eesi.org/articles/view/electrification-of-u.s.-railways-pie-in-the-sky-or-realistic-goal)
Sorry for my lack of specificity. To clarify, by "here" I meant North Dakota. Yes, in the Bos/Wash Corridor, I believe there are still electric trains, I recall seeing some in Pennsylvania RR livery as a kid.
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and land to sell
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Er.............how does one "sell" what one does NOT own (have title to)???????????
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Er.............how does one "sell" what one does NOT own (have title to)???????????
I provided a link from the Library of Congress that said the land was given to them. Do you have something different to show me?
http://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/presentationsandactivities/presentations/timeline/riseind/railroad/grants.html (http://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/presentationsandactivities/presentations/timeline/riseind/railroad/grants.html)
To remedy the situation, Congress provided assistance to the railroad companies in the form of land grants. The land grant railroads, receiving millions of acres of public land, sold the land to make money, built their railroads, and contributed to a more rapid settlement of the West. In the end, four out of the five transcontinental railroads were built with help from the federal government.
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Er.............how does one "sell" what one does NOT own (have title to)???????????
Here is an example of land granted to the government to the railroad. The shaded parts of this map are Company Land after the grant.
http://cprr.org/Museum/Maps/CP_Land_Map_1924.html (http://cprr.org/Museum/Maps/CP_Land_Map_1924.html)
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SEC. 3 . And be it further enacted, {Land grants. Alternate sections.} That there be, and is hereby, granted to the said company, for the purpose of aiding in the construction of said railroad and telegraph line, and to secure the safe and speedy, transportation of the mails, troops, munitions of war, and public stores thereon, every alternate section of public land, designated by odd numbers, {Changed to ten by Sec. 4, 1864 , and grant to twenty miles.} to the amount of five alternate sections per mile on each side of said railroad, on the line thereof, and within the limits of ten miles on each side of said road, not sold, reserved, or otherwise disposed of by the United States, and to which a preemption or homestead claim may not have attached, at the time the line of said road is definitely fixed: {Minerals and timbers. Sec. 4, 1864 .} Provided, That all mineral lands shall be excepted from the operation of this act; but where the same shall contain timber, the timber thereon is hereby granted to said company. And all such lands so granted by this section which shall not be sold or disposed of by said company within three years after the entire road shall have been completed, shall be subject to settlement and pre-emption like other lands, at a price not exceeding one dollar and twenty-five cents per acre, to be paid to said company.
http://www.cprr.org/Museum/Pacific_Railroad_Acts.html (http://www.cprr.org/Museum/Pacific_Railroad_Acts.html)
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I provided a link from the Library of Congress that said the land was given to them. Do you have something different to show me?
http://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/presentationsandactivities/presentations/timeline/riseind/railroad/grants.html (http://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/presentationsandactivities/presentations/timeline/riseind/railroad/grants.html)
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A Right of Way is a legal permission established by grant to an entity such as:
* Oil and Gas companies to construct pipelines on public land.
* Utilities to construct electric power lines and towers,
* Cargo and container vessels to use canals and inland waterways, such as the St.Lawrence,
* Railroads to lay trackage, build stations and storage facilities.
The route is specified by the grant which does NOT annex the property.
When the project ends or is abandoned, the property reverts to the owner.
Nothing further!!!
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A Right of Way is a legal permission established by grant to an entity such as:
* Oil and Gas companies to construct pipelines on public land.
* Utilities to construct electric power lines and towers,
* Cargo and container vessels to use canals and inland waterways, such as the St.Lawrence,
* Railroads to lay trackage, build stations and storage facilities.
The route is specified by the grant which does NOT annex the property.
When the project ends or is abandoned, the property reverts to the owner.
Nothing further!!!
Yes, but they were granted far more than a right-of-way. They were granted Land. See the links I provided. I understand the difference.
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A Right of Way is a legal permission established by grant to an entity such as:
* Oil and Gas companies to construct pipelines on public land.
* Utilities to construct electric power lines and towers,
* Cargo and container vessels to use canals and inland waterways, such as the St.Lawrence,
* Railroads to lay trackage, build stations and storage facilities.
The route is specified by the grant which does NOT annex the property.
When the project ends or is abandoned, the property reverts to the owner.
Nothing further!!!
Here's an example from a previous posting here regarding what railroads got.
They are major mineral interest owners as they owned the surface. 3.5 million acres on just this single RR that did not make it.
And notice when the railroad went belly-up that land still was owned by them. It did not end 'when the project was finished'.
http://www.gopbriefingroom.com/index.php/topic,362986.msg1978584.html#msg1978584 (http://www.gopbriefingroom.com/index.php/topic,362986.msg1978584.html#msg1978584)
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Here's an example from a previous posting here regarding what railroads got.
They are major mineral interest owners as they owned the surface. 3.5 million acres
http://www.gopbriefingroom.com/index.php/topic,362986.msg1978584.html#msg1978584 (http://www.gopbriefingroom.com/index.php/topic,362986.msg1978584.html#msg1978584)
Good example on the topic. They were awarded FAR more than a right of way.
TEXAS PACIFIC LAND TRUST
http://www.tpltrust.com/ (http://www.tpltrust.com/)
Texas Pacific Land Trust was created in 1888 as a result of a reorganization of the Texas and Pacific Railway Company following receivership. Holders of Texas and Pacific Railway Company bonds received 3.5 million acres of land in Texas which had been earned by the railroad and pledged as security against bonds. The bondholders created the Trust and converted bonds to shares of proprietary interest in the Trust. The Trust was created to manage and sell the land. Today the Trust is one of the largest landowners in Texas with around 888,333 acres located in eighteen different counties. Texas Pacific Land Trust derives revenue from all avenues of managing the land, i.e. oil and gas royalties, grazing leases, easements, sundry and specialty leases, and land sales. The Trust has a perpetual oil and gas royalty interest in some 459,200 acres.