The Briefing Room
General Category => Science, Technology and Knowledge => Topic started by: rangerrebew on June 17, 2021, 03:48:43 pm
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Europe forced to burn Coal after Historically Cold Winter and Spring Depleted Gas Supplies
Datum: 17. Juni 2021Autor: uwe.roland.gross 0 Kommentare
European utilities have had to step up coal use as natural gas inventories run unusually low for this time of the year due to the continent’s historically chilly late-winter and spring — once again, it’s coal to the rescue.
In 2021, and despite the record-high carbon price in Europe, the use of coal for power generation has jumped by as much as 15%, according to Andy Sommer, head of analysis at Swiss trader Axpo Solutions on Tuesday.
“Gas storage is so low now that Europe cannot afford to run extra power generation with the fuel,” he said.
https://climate-science.press/2021/06/17/europe-forced-to-burn-coal-after-historically-cold-winter-and-spring-depleted-gas-supplies/
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Coal is the past, present... and future of power generation.
Try to get rid of it, and... inevitably... you'll need to bring it back again.
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Coal is the past, present... and future of power generation.
Try to get rid of it, and... inevitably... you'll need to bring it back again.
Inevitably they will, when Russia cuts the flow through that shiny new pipeline that Joe has cleared for Putin to build and Europe is looking to be dependent on.
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No one is forcing Europe to burn coal. They CHOOSE to burn coal.
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There is more coal available to the world than any other hydrocarbon.
This world will be burning it until the sun dims.
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Inevitably they will, when Russia cuts the flow through that shiny new pipeline that Joe has cleared for Putin to build and Europe is looking to be dependent on.
Care to guess who is the leading coal producer in Europe?
Russia
Followed by Kazakhstan (second), Poland next then Germany.
Germany used to buy most of the solar cells made by a company I used to work for. The market today concerning the sale to Germany I don't know
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There is more coal available to the world than any other hydrocarbon.
This world will be burning it until the sun dims.
The volume of carbon contained in methane hydrates worldwide is estimated to be twice the amount contained in all fossil fuels on Earth, including coal.
Natural Gas Hydrates—Vast Resource, Uncertain Future
https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs021-01/fs021-01.pdf
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The volume of carbon contained in methane hydrates worldwide is estimated to be twice the amount contained in all fossil fuels on Earth, including coal.
Natural Gas Hydrates—Vast Resource, Uncertain Future
https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs021-01/fs021-01.pdf
If we want to fly big into unproven resource potential, then let's fly to a moon, (where hydrocarbons are formed that are not sedimentary BTW).
Titan's Surface Organics Surpass Oil Reserves on Earth
Titan's Surface Organics Surpass Oil Reserves on Earth02.13.08
Artist concept of terrain on TitanAn artist's imagination of hydrocarbon pools, icy and rocky terrain on the surface of Saturn's largest moon Titan. Image credit: Steven Hobbs (Brisbane, Queensland, Australia).
(https://www.nasa.gov/images/content/211801main_titan-artistconcept-226.jpg)
› Larger imageSaturn's orange moon Titan has hundreds of times more liquid hydrocarbons than all the known oil and natural gas reserves on Earth, according to new data from NASA's Cassini spacecraft. The hydrocarbons rain from the sky, collecting in vast deposits that form lakes and dunes.
The new findings from the study led by Ralph Lorenz, Cassini radar team member from the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Md., are reported in the Jan. 29 issue of the Geophysical Research Letters.
"Titan is just covered in carbon-bearing material -- it's a giant factory of organic chemicals," said Lorenz. "This vast carbon inventory is an important window into the geology and climate history of Titan."
At a balmy minus 179 degrees Celsius (minus 290 degrees Fahrenheit), Titan is a far cry from Earth. Instead of water, liquid hydrocarbons in the form of methane and ethane are present on the moon's surface, and tholins probably make up its dunes. The term "tholins"was coined by Carl Sagan in 1979 to describe the complex organic molecules at the heart of prebiotic chemistry.
Cassini has mapped about 20 percent of Titan's surface with radar. Several hundred lakes and seas have been observed, with each of several dozen estimated to contain more hydrocarbon liquid than Earth's oil and gas reserves. The dark dunes that run along the equator contain a volume of organics several hundred times larger than Earth's coal reserves.
Proven reserves of natural gas on Earth total 130 billion tons, enough to provide 300 times the amount of energy the entire United States uses annually for residential heating, cooling and lighting. Dozens of Titan's lakes individually have the equivalent of at least this much energy in the form of methane and ethane.
https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/cassini/media/cassini-20080213.html
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Problem with Titan's hydrocarbons, from my understanding, is we actually lack the oxygen to burn it.
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If we want to fly big into unproven resource potential, then let's fly to a moon, (where hydrocarbons are formed that are not sedimentary BTW).
Titan's Surface Organics Surpass Oil Reserves on Earth
On any planet or moon where there is Hydrogen and Carbon without sufficient Oxygen, the molecule eventfully revert to their lowest energy state. That is what you get. But it is tough to use a hydrocarbon as fuel without oxygen. On earth, when those complex molecules from algae and the like get trapped away from oxygen, they also decompose to similar states. We can harvest oil directly from fresh algae but it has been difficult to make it economic.
The more thermally mature, the more they have broken down to the lowest entropy state like Methane, if there is enough Hydrogen. If not, you get the heavier hydrocarbons like ethane, propane, etc. Just a matter of time, heat, pressure and the ratio of the available atoms in the molecules.
Same process we use every day in crackers, cokers, and the like in refineries and similar process units.
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Problem with Titan's hydrocarbons, from my understanding, is we actually lack the oxygen to burn it.
That is not a problem with Titan's hydrocarbons.
Hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons where-ever one goes.
That is the utilization of hydrocarbons. We can't burn hydrocarbons on the bottom of the seafloor either.
Hydrocarbons are extremely abundant and will remain the staple used by the world to increase life expectancy, cook our food, provide transportation fuel and many of the items which lift our standard of living.
It is only cheap hydrocarbons which be in less supply, which will be even more so when Biden and the world forces a ridiculous carbon tax on hydrocarbons so they can justify the expensive renewables shell game.