The United States Constitution may indeed be interpreted as being "color blind".
But it was written -- exclusively -- BY people of a particular race, FOR people of a particular race.
Yes, there was the issue of slavery. But the founders [pretty much] chose to ignore that.
And there was the thorny issue of American Indians, who were intentionally seen as "a group apart" from the "group" of the founders.
In the 1780's, how many of the framers would have thought that there would be significant populations in their newly-created land of Chinese, Indians (east Indians), Vietnamese, etc.?
I feel confident that this never once entered their minds.
The "United States" they were creating, back then, was seen to be a gathering place for white Europeans of Christian belief...