37 Roman proconsul Lucius Vitellius (father of a later emperor) arranges a sacrifice to "the God of the Jews" at the Temple of Jerusalem.
311 Roman Emperor Galerius issues an edict of toleration for Christians
462 Solar eclipse visible in Greece
1305 Massacre of Adrianople: Byzantine Emperor Michael IX Palaiologos contrives the destruction of the Catalan Company
1349 Massacre of the Jews of Radolszell, Germany
1492 Ferdinand & Isabella agree to bankroll Columbus
1527 Treaty of Westminster: Anglo-French alliance against Spain
1563 King Charles VI orders the Jews expelled from France
1592 Torquato Tasso is escorted by Marco Sciarra's brigands through bandit-infested mountains around Itri -- Learn More
1635 Treaty of Compiegne: Franco-Swedish alliance in the Thirty Years' War
1794 Menin, Belgium: Austrians break out of a French siege
1798 The US establishes the Department of the Navy
1838 Nicaragua declares independence from the Central American Federation
1848 Battle of Pastrengo: Piedmontese defeat the Austrians
1849 Battle of the Villa Pamfili: The Garibaldini defeat the French outside Rome, who fall back on Civitavecchia
1860 Navaho Indians attack Fort Defiance
1861 Lincoln orders Federal troops to evacuate the Indian Territory
1862 Skirmishing at Swift Run Gap, WV
1863 Battle of Camerone: Heroic French Foreign Legion defense against an overwhelming Mexican force
1864 Battle of Jenkins' Ferry: Inconclusive action bungled by both sides
1871 American & Mexican bandits murder 144 Apaches in Arizona
1900 USA annexes Hawaii
1904 Christian Hülsmeye patents the "telemobiloscope," an early radar, which is totally ignored.
1906 The Meiji Emperor reviews the victorious Imperial Army at the Yakusuni Shrine, a date observed as Imperial Army Day, until 1945
1908 First Company, Signal Corps, 71st Regiment, NYNG, formed to conduct aeronautical operations; now, 106th Rescue Wing, oldest Air Guard unit.
1937 General Douglas MacArthur marries Jean Faircloth
1942 British troops evacuate Mandalay in Burma
1942 Luzon: Japanese bombardment of Corregidor and harbor forts continues.
1942 USS 'Peto' (SS-265) is launched, first submarine built on the Great Lakes, at Manitowoc
1943 Bergen-Belsen Concentration Camp for Jews established
1943 Chinese halt Japanese in Hupeh, ending threat to Chungking.
1943 Panay: USS 'Gudgeon' (SS-211) conducts supply mission to Filipino guerrillas
1944 U.S. carrier aircraft begin two day raid on Truk
1945 American & Soviet forces link up at Torgau in Germany
1945 Okinawa: Kamikaze attacks continue on the U.S. fleet.
1945 Red Army liberates the Ravensbruck concentration camp
1945 The Red Banner is raised over the Reichstag Building in Berlin
1961 Fidel Castro receives the Lenin Peace Prize
1980 Abdication of Queen Juliana (1948-80) & Accession of Queen Beatrix of Netherlands (1980-2012), who also abdicates
1980 Terrorists seize the Iranian Embassy in London
2012 Abdication of Queen Beatrice of the Netherlands (r. 1980-2012), third Dutch Queen Regnant in a row since 1880, and the third to abdicate, and the accession of her son as William IV, the first Dutch king since 1880
