We had a VW diesel, which was a major polluter, and bought back by VW as part of the "settlement."
It turned out, that while VW/Audi/Porsche was caught in the US, other firms also used the same testing software trick, in Europe.
This article reflects this fact.
To bad. Those 2 liter VW/Audi turbodiesel engines, got 40 mpg plus, and had huge torque.
VW handled the "buy back" horribly. I had wanted to keep and repair the car, but could not get reliable answers or information from them.